Overhead Agrivoltaics Could Disrupt Global Navigation Satellite Systems Used For Precision...

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Fraunhofer ISE researchers have investigated whether PV panels installed above orchards can affect the reception of global navigation satellite system (GNSS) signals and, in turn, affect the precision of advanced autonomous tools. They found a disruption and suggested some alternatives.

Image: Fraunhofer Institute for Solar Energy Systems ISE, Smart Agricultural Technology, CC BY 4.0

A team of researchers led by Germany's Fraunhofer Institute for Solar Energy Systems (Fraunhofer ISE) has investigated the impact of overhead agrivoltaics on the signal of global navigation satellite systems (GNSS) underneath. GNSS signals are used for precision agriculture capabilities, such as planting, sowing, irrigation, fertilization, and harvesting.

⁘This is the first study to evaluate how agrivoltaic systems affect GNSS (including GPS) and signal performance, which are essential for precision agriculture,⁘ corresponding author Dr. Sergio Vélez Martín told pv magazine .

"Data were collected using a GNSS receiver, specifically a smartphone model Poco X4 Pro 5G, which supported multi-constellation GNSS logging. The smartphone was equipped with the open-source GPSTest application, which logged GNSS data," the team explained. "The device was handheld at 1.5 m height from the ground and moved through both the agrivoltaic and conventional orchard zones, as well as along the roads within the study area, to ensure consistent data collection across the spatial extent of each zone."

The tests showed that the average carrier-to-noise density ratio (C/N₀) decreased from 30.62 dB-Hz in the conventional orchard to 26.92 dB-Hz in the agrivoltaic system. C/N₀ measures the strength and quality of a satellite signal, and according to the literature, 24 dB-Hz is a recommended threshold. Despite the lower signal quality, the average number of satellites with C/N₀ above 24 dB-Hz remained over 22 in both areas.

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