What's Happening To Jupiter's Great Red Spot? The Solar System's Largest Storm Could Finally...

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Jupiter ⁘s Great Red Spot is a giant vortex that has existed for at least 190 years. Recent studies suggest it is distinct from an earlier observed spot, and simulations explore how Jupiter⁘s winds may have shaped it. The GRS has been shrinking, and future research will focus on its sustainability and potential future disintegration.

Jupiter⁘s Great Red Spot (GRS) stands out as one of the most iconic features in the Solar System. This massive atmospheric structure, currently spanning a diameter equal to that of Earth, is easily recognizable due to its striking reddish hue, which contrasts sharply with Jupiter⁘s pale cloud tops. Even small telescopes can capture its distinct appearance. The GRS is a gigantic anticyclonic vortex, with winds reaching speeds of 450 km/h along its outer edges. It holds the title of the largest and longest-lasting vortex in the atmospheres of any planet in our Solar System. However, the exact age of the GRS is still debated, and the processes behind its formation remain a mystery.

Speculation about the origin of the GRS dates back to the first telescopic observations made by the astronomer Giovanni Domenico Cassini , who in 1665 discovered a dark oval at the same latitude as the GRS and named it the ⁘Permanent Spot⁘ (PS), since it was observed by him and other astronomers until 1713.

Track of it was subsequently lost for 118 years and it was not until 1831 and later years that S. Schwabe again observed a clear structure, roughly oval in shape and at the same latitude as the GRS; that can be regarded as the first observation of the current GRS, perhaps of a nascent GRS. Since then, the GRS has been observed regularly by means of telescopes and by the various space missions that have visited the planet right up to the present day.

In the study, the authors first analyzed the evolution of its size over time, its structure, and the movements of both meteorological formations, the former PS and the GRS; to do so, they used historical sources dating back to the mid-17th century, shortly after the invention of the telescope.